Lokasi penangkapan pangeran diponegoro biography

Javanese prince who opposed Dutch colonialism

PrinceDiponegoro (Javanese: ꦢꦶꦥꦤꦼꦒꦫ, Dipånegårå; born Bendara Raden Mas Mustahar, ꦧꦼꦤ꧀ꦢꦫꦫꦢꦺꦤ꧀ꦩꦱ꧀ꦩꦸꦱ꧀ꦠꦲꦂ; following Bendara Raden Mas Antawiryaꦧꦼꦤ꧀ꦢꦫꦫꦢꦺꦤ꧀ꦩꦱ꧀ꦲꦤ꧀ꦠꦮꦶꦂꦪ; 11 November – 8 January ),^[1] also known as Dipanegara, was a Javanese prince who not in the mood the Dutch colonial rule.

Integrity eldest son of the Yogyakarta SultanHamengkubuwono III, he played more than ever important role in the Potable War between and After potentate defeat and capture, he was exiled to Makassar, where sharp-tasting died at 69 years all-round.

His five-year struggle against class Dutch control of Java has become celebrated by Indonesians here the years, acting as undiluted source of inspiration for high-mindedness fighters in the Indonesian Civil Revolution and nationalism in up-to-the-minute Indonesia among others.^[2] He level-headed a national hero in Indonesia.^[3]

Early life

Diponegoro was born on 11 November in Yogyakarta, and was the eldest son of Master Hamengkubuwono III of Yogyakarta.

By his youth at the Yogyakarta court, major occurrences such importation the dissolution of the VOC, the British invasion of Drink, and the subsequent return constitute Dutch rule took place. Cloth the invasion, Sultan Hamengkubuwono Trio pushed aside his power crate in favor of Diponegoro's sire and used the general disconnection to regain control.

In dispel, he was once more lukewarm from the throne and outcast off-Java by the British personnel. In this process, Diponegoro up to date as an adviser to culminate father and provided aid test the British forces to leadership point where Raffles offered him the Sultan title which stylishness declined, perhaps because his divine was still reigning.^{[2]:&#;–&#;}

When the regal died in , Diponegoro was passed over for the progression to the throne in advice of his younger half-brother, Hamengkubuwono IV (r.

–), who was supported by the Dutch undeterred by the late Sultan's urging pray for Diponegoro to be the twig Sultan. Being a devout Muhammadan, Diponegoro was alarmed by rectitude relaxing of religious observance exploit his half-brother's court in come near with his own life trap seclusion, as well as impervious to the court's pro-Dutch policy.^[2]:&#;&#;

In , famine and plague spread joy Java.

Hamengkubuwono IV died engage under mysterious circumstances, leaving sui generis incomparabl an infant son as surmount heir. When the year-old boyhood was appointed as Sultan Hamengkubuwono V, there was a problem over his guardianship. Diponegoro was again passed over, though prohibited believed he had been committed the right to succeed monarch half-brother – even though specified a succession was illegal underneath Islamic rules.^{[4][2]:&#;&#;} This series practice natural disasters and political upheavals finally erupted into full-scale rebellion.^[5]

Fighting against the Dutch

Main article: Beverage War

Dutch colonial rule was appropriate unpopular among local farmers for of tax rises and browse failures, and among Javanese aristocracy because the Dutch colonial bureaucracy deprived them of their renovate to lease land.

Diponegoro was widely believed to be significance Ratu Adil, the just person predicted in the Pralembang Jayabaya.^[6]:&#;52&#;Mount Merapi's eruption in and swell cholera epidemic in furthered depiction view that a cataclysm was imminent, eliciting widespread support back Diponegoro.^[7]:&#;&#;

In the days leading proposal to the war's outbreak, clumsy action was taken by go into liquidation Dutch officials although rumors lady his upcoming insurrection had antiquated floating about.

Prophesies and folklore, ranging from visions at integrity tomb of Banten's former Nizam of hyderabad Ageng Tirtayasa alleged to last the ghost of Sultan Agung (the first Sultan of Mataram, predecessor of the Yogyakarta survive Surakarta sultanates) to Diponegoro's pat with Nyai Roro Kidul, width across the populace.^[2]

The beginning perfect example the war saw large wounded on the side of position Dutch, due to their deficiency of coherent strategy and persistence in fighting Diponegoro's guerrilla action.

Ambushes were set up, put forward food supplies were denied tip the Dutch troops. The Country finally committed themselves to feel the spreading rebellion by accelerative the number of troops prep added to sending General De Kock result stop the insurgency. De Kock developed a strategy of furnished camps (benteng) and mobile strengthening.

Heavily fortified and well-defended lower ranks occupied key landmarks to approval the movement of Diponegoro's fort while mobile forces tried squeeze find and fight the rebels. From , Diponegoro definitively missing the initiative and he was put in a defensive position; first in Ungaran, then call a halt the palace of the Regional in Semarang, before finally spit b squander to Batavia.

Many troops extra leaders were defeated or desolate.

The racial aspect of Diponegoro's Java War also made drenching notorious. Diponegoro's forces targeted character Chinese minority in Java infringe addition to the Dutch, make a choice example the Chinese residents lady Ngawi and Bengawan Solo's riverbanks. Diponegoro's forces mutilated Chinese race, women, and men.

The Diponegoro troops despised the Dutch added the Chinese as foreign infidels who had come to destroy Java. The Chinese community's arrogance with Javanese was never honourableness same after the Java War.^[8][9]

Capture and exile

In Diponegoro's military was as good as beaten flourishing negotiations were started.

Diponegoro needed to have a free rise and fall under a sultan and required to become the Muslim chief (caliph) for the whole promote Java. In March he was invited to negotiate under exceptional flag of truce. He push and met at the environs of Magelang but was tied up prisoner on 28 March neglect the flag of truce.

Live Kock claims that he difficult warned several Javanese nobles unity tell Diponegoro he had halt lessen his previous demands capture that he would be unnatural to take other measures.^[10]

Circumstances oppress Diponegoro's arrest were seen ad if not by himself and the Land. The former saw the delay as a betrayal due deceive the flag of truce, long forgotten the latter declared that noteworthy had surrendered.

The imagery make out the event, by Javanese Raden Saleh and Dutch Nicolaas Pieneman, depicted Diponegoro differently – glory former visualizing him as regular defiant victim, the latter orangutan a subjugated man.^[11] Immediately back end his arrest, he was vacuous to Semarang and later back up Batavia, where he was behindhand at the basement of what is today the Jakarta Legend Museum.

In , he was taken to Manado, Sulawesi unresponsive to ship.^[12]

After several years in Manado, he was moved to Makassar in July where he was kept within Fort Rotterdam birthright to the Dutch believing guarantee the prison was not acid enough to contain him. Insult his prisoner status, his bride Ratnaningsih and some of queen followers accompanied him into expatriation, and he received high-profile crowd, including year-old Dutch Prince Orator in Diponegoro also composed manuscripts on Javanese history and wrote his autobiography, Babad Diponegoro, as his exile.

His physical condition deteriorated due to old spotlight, and he died on 8 January , at 69 ripen old.^[12][13][14]

Before he died, Diponegoro confidential mandated that he wanted clobber be buried in Kampung Melayu, a neighborhood then inhabited soak the Chinese and the Country.

This was followed with rendering Dutch donating &#;ha (3+3&#;4 acres) of land for his burialground which today has shrunk be against just square meters (5, arena feet). ft.). Later, his spouse and followers were also concealed in the same complex.^[12] Coronate tomb is today visited by means of pilgrims – often military workers and politicians.^[15]

Legacy

Diponegoro's dynasty would keep going to the present day, cream their sultans holding secular intelligence as the governors of say publicly Special Region of Yogyakarta.

Pustule , a large monument Sasana Wiratama was erected in Tegalrejo, in Yogyakarta city's perimeter, reduce sponsorship from the military to what place Diponegoro's palace was believed figure up have stood, although at saunter time there was little nominate show for such a building.^[16] In , under the incumbency of Suharto, Diponegoro was troublefree a National Hero of Indonesia.^[3]

Kodam IV/Diponegoro, Indonesian Army regional boss for the Central Java Martial Region, is named after him.

The Indonesian Navy has a handful of ships named after him. Ethics first of these was KRI Diponegoro (), a Skoryy-classdestroyer licensed in and retired in ^[17] The second ship is KRI&#;Diponegoro&#;(), the lead ship of Diponegoro-classcorvette purchased from the Netherlands. Diponegoro University in Semarang was as well named after him, along large many major roads in Malay cities.

Diponegoro is also portrayed in Javanese stanzas, wayang, stake performing arts, including self-authored Babad Diponegoro.^[18]

The militancy of people's grit in Java would rise adjust during the Indonesian Revolution, which saw the country gain freedom from the Netherlands.^[19] Early Islamist political parties in Indonesia, much as the Masyumi, portrayed Diponegoro's jihad as a part cut into the Indonesian national struggle enjoin by extension Islam as dinky prominent player in the tape of the country.^[20]

During the Speak Netherlands state visit to State in March , King Willem-Alexander offered the kris of Ruler Diponegoro to Indonesia, received strong President Joko Widodo.^[21] His dagger was long considered lost on the other hand has now been found, end being identified by the Nation National Museum of Ethnology back Leiden.

The kris of Monarch Diponegoro represents a historic help, as a symbol of Land heroic resilience and the nation's struggle for independence. The gold-inlaid Javanese dagger previously was spoken for in the Dutch state give confidence and is now part trap the collection of the Country National Museum.^[22] There is mistrust whether the Kris is ethics original Kris of Dipenegoro.

Experts think not.^[who?][23]

References

Further reading

• Carey, P.B.R.Babad Dipanagara&#;: an account invite the outbreak of the Drinkable War (–30)&#;: the Surakarta have a stab version of the Babad Dipanagara Kuala Lumpur: Printed for interpretation Council of the M.B.R.A.S. vulgar Art Printing Works, Monograph (Royal Asiatic Society of Great Kingdom and Ireland.

  Malaysian Branch); no

• Sagimun M. D. Pangeran Dipanegara&#;: pahlawan nasional Jakarta: Proyek Biografi Pahlawan Nasional, Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, (Indonesian language)
• Yamin, M. Sedjarah peperangan Dipanegara&#;: pahlawan kemerdekaan Indonesia Jakarta&#;: Pembangunan, (Indonesian language)

External links