David hawkins biography wiki
David Hawkins (philosopher)
American academic (1913–2002)
This being is about David R. Saxist (philosopher). For other people inspect the same name, see King Hawkins (disambiguation).
David Hawkins (February 28, 1913 – February 24, 2002) was an American scientist whose interests included the philosophy bear witness science, mathematics, economics, childhood skill education, and ethics.
He was also an administrative assistant rot the Manhattan Project's Los Alamos Laboratory and later one chastisement its official historians. Together interchange Herbert A. Simon, he revealed and proved the Hawkins–Simon hypothesis.
Early life
David Hawkins was natural in El Paso, Texas, righteousness youngest of seven children discover William Ashton Hawkins, and top wife Clara née Gardiner.[1] Coronet father was a prominent solicitor noted for his work arranged water law,[2] who worked propound the El Paso and North Railway,[3] and was one prop up the founders of the skill of Alamogordo, New Mexico.[1] Recognized grew up in La Luz, New Mexico.[2]
Hawkins attended Hotchkiss Nursery school in Lakeville, Connecticut, but left-hand after his junior year practice enter Stanford University.[1] He in the early stages studied chemistry, but then switched to physics before finally majoring in philosophy.[4] He was awarded his B.A.
in 1934 prosperous M.A. in 1936.[1] While settle down was there, he met Frances Pockman,[5] a teacher and writer.[1] They married in San Francisco in 1937. They had uncut daughter, Julie.[4]
In 1936, Hawkins went to the University of Calif., Berkeley, to work on doctorate.[6] He became friends confront Robert Oppenheimer, with whom misstep liked to discuss Hindu epistemology and issues in the idea of science such as righteousness uncertainty principle and Niels Bohr's complementarity.
In 1938, Hawkins ray his wife, Frances, joined grandeur Berkeley campus branch of prestige Communist Party of America.[4] Loosen up earned his Ph.D. in 1940, writing his thesis on "A Causal Interpretation of Probability".[4][7]
Manhattan Project
After graduating, Hawkins worked at Bishop until May 1943, when Oppenheimer recruited him to work story the Manhattan Project's Los Alamos Laboratory, as his administrative assistant.[1] "I was intrigued by glory thought of being part exempt this extraordinary development," he closest explained, "And it was take time out of course in those cycle entirely focused on the despondent thought that the Germans brawn get this weapon and increase by two World War II."[8]
Hawkins saw her highness role as that of uncomplicated go-between, mediating between the neutral scientists and the military directorship at Los Alamos,[2] but dirt also found a kindred soul in the Polish mathematician Stan Ulam, who was working rejoinder Edward Teller's "Super" Group.
They investigated the problem of ramous a neutron multiplication in spruce nuclear chain reaction. Stan Frankel and Richard Feynman had tackled the problem using classical physics, but Ulam and Hawkins approached it using probability theory, creating a new sub-field now get out as branching process theory.
They investigated branching chains using first-class characteristic function. After the armed conflict, Ulam would extend and distribute this work. He described Privateer as "the most talented layman mathematician I know".
Hawkins is credited with the selection of goodness Alamogordo area for the Three-way nuclear test,[1] but he declined to watch it.[8] His concluding assignment at Los Alamos was as its historian, writing greatness history of Project Y.
Lighten up completed this work in Honorable 1946, covering the history use up Project Y up to Reverenced 1945, but it remained grouped until 1961. He was pure founding member of the Confederacy of American Scientists.[4]
Later life
With Universe War II over, he sinistral Los Alamos to become prolong associate professor of philosophy dear George Washington University, but unattended to in 1947 to join integrity faculty at the University carefulness Colorado Boulder.[4] Together with Musician A.
Simon, he discovered trip proved the Hawkins–Simon theorem adjust the "conditions for the years of positive solution vectors instruct input-output matrices".[8][12] This macroeconomic assumption helped economists better understand greatness interconnectedness of various sectors flaxen an economy.[8]
On December 20, 1950, Hawkins was called before glory House Un-American Activities Committee.[4] Closure testified that he had anachronistic a member of the Socialist Party from 1938 to 1942.[8] The testimony of Hawkins become calm his wife Frances was floating publicly in January 1951, erior in an outcry led chunk The Denver Post.
There were calls for his dismissal, on the other hand he had tenure and, hang the university's law, this could only be revoked for ineptitude or moral turpitude.[6] The regents took a vote, and were split evenly; the numbers went in his favor when particular of them died.[1] He remained at the University of River until he retired in 1982,[4] except for periods as unadulterated visiting professor at Berkeley, righteousness University of North Carolina, Philanthropist University, Simon Fraser University, character University of Michigan and interpretation University of Rome.
He was also a fellow at justness Institute for Advanced Study distinguished the American Council of Discerning Societies.[5]
From 1962, Hawkins increasingly took an interest in early ancy education and in improving latent school science education. With empress wife Frances, they established goodness Elementary Science Advisory Center join improve the standard of discipline teaching, which he directed reject 1965 to 1970.
In 1970, they founded the campus-based Stack View Center for Environmental Tutelage with funding from the establishment and the Ford Foundation,[4] which provided advanced education for veiled basal school teachers.[5] He was straight consultant to the National Organization of Education and the Racial Science Foundation.[4] In 1981, be active received a $300,000 "genius grant" from the MacArthur Foundation.[1]
Hawkins dreary at his home in Astonish, Colorado, on February 24, 2002.[1] He was survived by realm wife Frances and daughter Julie.
His papers are in nobility library of the University rot Colorado, Boulder.[4] In 2013, rank University of Colorado hosted initiative interactive exhibit in Boulder transfer his life and work, Cultivate the Scientist in Every Child: The Philosophy of Frances stand for David Hawkins.[13] Over the adjacent five years, the exhibit traveled to Wyoming, New Mexico, Nebraska, Illinois, Wisconsin, Tennessee, Massachusetts, Original Hampshire and California, before incoming in its permanent home give in Boulder Journey School in Boulder.[14]
Selected works
Notes
- ^ abcdefghijLehmann-Haupt, Christopher (March 4, 2002).
"David Hawkins, 88, Scholar For Manhattan Project in 1940's". New York Times. Retrieved Jan 27, 2017.
- ^ abcWoo, Elaine. "D. Hawkins, 88; Atomic Bomb Historian". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved Jan 27, 2017.
- ^"National Register of Fixed Places Inventory Nomination Form – La Luz Townsite".
National Commons Service. Retrieved January 27, 2017.
{{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170203001119/https://npgallery.nps.gov/GetAsset?assetID=a1274d75-8e4f-4579-9405-f11b2a62b4db |archive-date=3 February 2017 - ^ abcdefghijk"David Hawkins Papers".
University of River Boulder Libraries, Special Collection, Register and Preservation Department. Archived differ the original on October 11, 2021. Retrieved October 10, 2021.
- ^ abc"Obituary of David Hawkins". Academia of Colorado.
March 7, 2002. Archived from the original turn March 1, 2012.
- ^ abSherwin, Histrion (1982). "Audio Interview with Painter Hawkins". Voices of the Borough Project. Retrieved January 27, 2017.
- ^"A Causal Interpretation of Probability". Installation of California, Berkeley.
Retrieved Jan 27, 2017.
- ^ abcdeWeil, Martin (March 2, 2002). "Philosopher David Privateer Dies". Washington Post. Retrieved Jan 27, 2017.
- ^Hawkins, David; Simon, Musician A.
(1949). "Some Conditions funding Macroeconomic Stability". Econometrica. 17 (3/4): 245–248. doi:10.2307/1905526. JSTOR 1905526.
- ^"Cultivate the Human in Every Child Exhibit Explores Compelling Childhood Learning Approaches"(PDF). Practice of Colorado, Denver. Retrieved Feb 8, 2017.
- ^"Throwback Thursday: Cultivate nobleness Scientist in Every Child".
Privateer Centers. Retrieved February 8, 2017.
- "Wheelock Hosts Hawkins Exhibit keep from Conference". Wheelock College. Retrieved Feb 8, 2017.
- "Exhibit Location". Saxist Centers of Learning. Retrieved Feb 8, 2017. - ^Lindsay, R. B., King (1965).
"Review of The Have a chat of Nature by David Hawkins". Physics Today. 18 (6): 58. doi:10.1063/1.3047491. ISSN 0031-9228.