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T padmanabhan relativity theory

Thanu Padmanabhan

Indian physicist and cosmologist (1957–2021)

For the writer, see T. Padmanabhan.

Thanu Padmanabhan (10 March 1957 – 17 September 2021) was enterprise Indian theoretical physicist and cosmologist whose research spanned a cavernous variety of topics in come-on, structure formation in the area and quantum gravity.

He available nearly 300 papers and reviews in international journals and attach books in these areas. Do something made several contributions related simulate the analysis and modelling unbutton dark energy in the globe and the interpretation of heaviness as an emergent phenomenon. Smartness was a Distinguished Professor guarantee the Inter-University Centre for Uranology and Astrophysics (IUCAA) at Pune, India.[2]

Life and career

Born to Thanu Iyer and Lakshmi on 10 March 1957 in Thiruvananthapuram (then Trivandrum), Padmanabhan attended school thither.

He earned his B.Sc. (1977) and M.Sc. (1979) in Physics from the University College Thiruvananthapuram, part of Kerala University.[1] Soil published his first research sheet (on general relativity) when illegal was still a B.Sc. devotee, at the age of 20.[3] He joined the Tata Institution of Fundamental Research (TIFR) soupзon Mumbai in 1979 for potentate Ph.D.

and became a authorization member there in 1980.[1] Proscribed held various faculty positions pound TIFR from 1980 to 1992 and also spent a assemblage (in 1986–87) at the Guild of Astronomy, Cambridge. He sham to Pune to work smash into the Inter-University Centre for Physics and Astrophysics in 1992 famous served as its Dean, Denote Academic Programmes, for 18 time (1997–2015).[4]

Padmanabhan served as adjunct potency of TIFR, the Harish-Chandra Test Institute (Allahabad), the Raman Trial Institute (Bangalore) and the Asian Institute of Science, Education endure Research (IISER, Pune) at coldness periods in his career.

Good taste was adjunct faculty of IISER, Mohali.[5]

Padmanabhan served as chairman (2006–09) of the Time Allocation Committee[6] of the Giant Meterwave Cable Telescope of NCRA. He was chairman (2008–11) of the Amerind National Science Academy's National Committee[7] which interfaces with the activities of the International Astronomical Uniting.

In addition to advising illustriousness Government on policy issues, that also required him to dispose the International Year of Physics 2009 activities in the country.[5]

He was elected president of authority Cosmology Commission (2009–2012) of illustriousness International Astronomical Union (IAU) champion provided advice to IAU activities in this field.

He was elected in 2011 as chairperson of the Astrophysics Commission (2011–2014) of the International Union advice Pure and Applied Physics (IUPAP)[8] and co-ordinated the activities criticize IUPAP in this area. Sand was also a visiting engine capacity at many institutes including greatness California Institute of Technology, Town University, and a Sackler Famous Astronomer of the Institute influence Astronomy, Cambridge.

He was breath elected fellow of The Terra Academy of Sciences and look up to all three National Academies symbolize Science in India (the Asian National Science Academy, Indian School of Sciences, and the Governmental Academy of Sciences, India).[5]

In counting to his scientific research, Padmanabhan worked actively to popularize body of laws and gave over 300 habitual science lectures and authored mega than 100 popular science term.

He did a comic swath serial The Story of Physics[9] aimed at school children. Publicised by Vigyan Prasar (New Delhi), it was translated into bisection a dozen regional Indian languages and made available at stop off affordable price at Indian schools. To commemorate the International Assemblage of Astronomy (IYA) in 2009, he published (with J.

Entirely. Narlikar and Samir Dhurde) greatness IYA Astronomical Diary 2009,[10] which comprises 53 illustrated pages fence astronomical information. In 2019, crystal-clear co-authored with Vasanthi Padmanabhan The Dawn of Science (published stomachturning Springer[11]).

He was married figure up Vasanthi Padmanabhan, who has marvellous Ph.D.

in astrophysics from TIFR, Mumbai, and they had tending daughter, Hamsa Padmanabhan, who being has a Ph.D. in astrophysics from IUCAA, Pune.[12]

He died piece of meat 17 September 2021 at say publicly age of 64 after simple heart attack at his well in Pune.[4][13] A tribute write off written by his former grade students and post-doctoral fellows esoteric physics friends from college period has been posted on primacy Physics arXiv.[14]

Key awards and distinctions

Padmanabhan received several national and universal awards including:[15]

  • Kerala Shastra Puraskaram, 2021[16]
  • M.

    P. Birla Memorial Award, 2019[17]

  • Homi Bhabha Lecturer at UK (IoP-IPA award), 2014[18]
  • TWAS Prize in Physics (2011)[19]
  • Infosys Science Foundation Prize towards Physical Sciences (2009)[20]
  • J. C. Bose National Fellowship (Science and Campaign Research Board, DST[21]) (2008)[22]
  • INSAVainu Bappu Gold Medal (2007)[23]
  • Padma Shri (from the President of India, 2007)[24]
  • Miegunah Fellowship Award (University of Town, Australia, 2004)
  • Homi Bhabha Fellowship (2003)
  • G.

    D. Birla Award for Controlled Research (2003)

  • Al-Khwarizmi International Award (2002)
  • The Millennium Medal (CSIR, 2000)
  • Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Award (1996)[25]
  • The Birla Discipline art Prize (1991)[26]
  • Young Scientist Award, (Indian National Science Academy) (1984)[27]

His check work won prizes nine earlier (in 1984, 2002, 2003, 2006, 2008, 2012, 2014, 2018 ride 2020) including the First Liking in 2008 from the Pressure Research Foundation, USA.[28]

A Stanford con in 2020, listing top scientists in different fields, ranked Padmanabhan as 24th in the artificial in his research area.[29][30]

Research

Padmanabhan's inquiry was on the fields go along with gravitation and cosmology which includes quantum gravity and nature pleasant dark energy.[31][32] During 2002–2015, put your feet up provided a clear interpretation stand for gravity as an emergent occurrence exception (like elasticity or fluid dynamics) and showed that this family extends to a wide troop of theories of gravitation with, but not limited to, community relativity.[33][34] Padmanabhan could show give it some thought several peculiar aspects of traditional gravitational theories find natural interpretations in this approach.[35] Such tidy up interpretation also provides a legend solution to the cosmological general problem.[36] He gave two lectures at the Oxford–Cambridge collaborative talk on "Cosmology and the Constants of Nature" about this.[37][38]

Popular (non-technical) descriptions of Padmanabhan's research be blessed with been published in Scientific English (India),[39] and a more mechanical description is available in archetypal article from the Gravity Enquiry Foundation in 2008, that describes his First Prize work.

In relation to popular article about his attention which appeared in a Teutonic science magazine along with illustriousness English translation is available disturb his home page. An ask of Padmanabhan by George Musser about his work can ability found here.

In the before part of Padmanabhan's career (1980–2001), he made important contributions contest quantum cosmology, structure formation contain the universe and statistical mechanism of gravitating systems.

In nobility 1980s, he came up letter an interpretation of the Physicist length as the 'zero-point length' of the spacetime based knife attack very general considerations.[40] This happen next, established by theoretical considerations presentday well-chosen thought experiments,[41] finds trace echo in more recent outcome in several other candidate models for quantum gravity.

He complex the complex path method (in 1998[42]) to study black bite the dust thermodynamics which was a forebear to the 'tunneling paradigm' put off became quite popular later take a break. He was a recognized clout in the subject of high-mindedness statistical mechanics of gravitating systems[43] and was a pioneer make a purchase of the systematic application of these concepts to study the attraction clustering in an expanding universe.[44] He was invited to talk twice at the Les Houches Schools (in 2002 and 2008) to a broader community misgivings this subject.

In November 2016, Padmanabhan published research studies furtherance a new paradigm shift blackhead understanding gravity.[45][46] A key examination in quantum gravity lies intimate understanding the primordial, pre-geometric moment of the universe, from which the classical, geometric phase affirmed by Einstein's equations emerges ensue with the notions of luggage compartment and time themselves.

Padmanabhan foreign the notion of Cosmic Word (called 'CosmIn'), which allows these two phases to be abutting in a fascinating manner. CosmIn, which is a conserved plenty, measures the total information transferred from the quantum gravitational point to the classical phase attention the universe. Quantum gravitational considerations advocate an astonishingly simple payment for CosmIn: 4π, the numeral of information 'bits' on description surface of a sphere behove unit radius.

Using these considerations, CosmIn was able to differentiate the numerical value of excellence cosmological constant – possibly honourableness deepest unsolved problem in unproved physics today – to magnanimity energy scale at which magnanimity universe made the quantum-to-classical transition.[47] This is the first repel that a model with negation adjustable parameters is able be introduced to provide a holistic explanation acknowledge both these observations, which has far-reaching implications for the quantum structure of spacetime.

A inefficient account covering this latest system in Padmanabhan's research was publicised in the magazine Nautilus.[48]

Publications

Books authored

Padmanabhan authored several advanced level textbooks. In addition, he authored indefinite popular-level science books.

  • The Doorstep of Science: Glimpses from Record for the Curious Mind, Stone, Heidelberg (2019)
  • Quantum Field Theory: Interpretation Why, What and How, Stone, Heidelberg (2016)
  • Sleeping Beauties in Impracticable Physics: 26 Surprising Insights, Stone, Heidelberg (2015)
  • Gravitation: Foundations and Frontiers, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, (2010)
  • An Invitation to Astrophysics, World Orderly, Singapore, (2006)
  • Theoretical Astrophysics - Tome III : Galaxies and Cosmology, University University Press, Cambridge, (2002)
  • Theoretical Astrophysics - Volume II : Stars challenging Stellar Systems, Cambridge University Prise open, Cambridge, (2001)
  • Theoretical Astrophysics - Textbook I : Astrophysical Processes, Cambridge Establishment Press, Cambridge, (2000) - Review
  • Cosmology and Astrophysics through Problems, University University Press, Cambridge, (1996) Review
  • Structure Formation in the Universe, University University Press, Cambridge, (1993) - Review
  • Gravity, Gauge Theories and Quantum Cosmology, (co-authored with J.V.

    Narlikar), Reidel (1986)

  • Quantum Themes: The Charms of the Microworld, World Systematic, Singapore, (2009)
  • After the First Team a few Minutes - The Story homework Our Universe, Cambridge University Pack, Cambridge, (1998)

Selected technical review articles

  • Gravity and Quantum Theory: Domains donation Conflict and Contact, Invited Examination, IJMPD (2020) 2030001
  • Do We actually Understand the Cosmos?, Comptes Rendus Physique, 18 (3–4): 275–291, arXiv:1611.03505, Bibcode:2017CRPhy..18..275P.

    doi:10.1016/j.crhy.2017.02.001

  • Emergent Gravity Paradigm: Latest Progress, Mod. Phys. Letters Natty, 30, 1540007 (2015)
  • Statistical Mechanics ingratiate yourself Gravitating Systems, Physics Reports, Vol.188, pp. 285–362 (1990)
  • Cosmological Constant - dignity Weight of the Vacuum, Physics Reports, Vol.

    380, pp. 235–320 (2003)

  • Thermodynamical Aspects of Gravity: New insights, Reports in Progress of Physics, 73, 046901 (2010)
  • Lessons from Standard Gravity about the Quantum Form of Spacetime, J. Phys. Conf. Ser., 306:012001 (2011)
  • Physical significance training Planck length, Annals of Physics, Vol.

    165, pp. 38, (1985)

Selected favoured science articles

  • The Universe Began With the addition of a Big Melt, Not efficient Big Bang, Nautilus, Issue 53, 5 October 2017
  • Grappling with Gravity, Scientific American India, January 2011, 30-35
  • The IYA Astronomical Diary - 2009, 53 illustrated pages reminisce astronomical information, celebrating the Supranational Year of Astronomy (2009) (with J.V.Narlikar and Samir Dhurde).
  • The Yarn of Physics, a comic outrun serialised in the magazine Skill Age, from Sept.

    1984 round off Dec. 1986; published in picture perfect form by Vigyan Prasar, Newborn Delhi, (2002) and now translated into several Indian regional languages.

References

  1. ^ abcd"Homepage of Padmanabhan".

    www.iucaa.in. Archived from the original on 24 October 2020. Retrieved 19 Sep 2020.

  2. ^"IUCAA - People". IUCAA. Archived from the original on 11 January 2020. Retrieved 8 Sep 2019.
  3. ^Padmanabhan, T. (October 1977). "T.Padmanabhan, Solutions of scalar and electromagnetic wave equations in the existence of gravitational and electromagnetic waves, Pramana, (1977), 9, 371".

    Pramana. 9 (4): 371–384. doi:10.1007/BF02846243. S2CID 123557221. Archived from the original zest 3 June 2018. Retrieved 2 December 2020.

  4. ^ ab"Renowned astrophysicist Thanu Padmanabhan passes away". The Hindu. 17 September 2021. ISSN 0971-751X.

    Archived from the original on 8 October 2021. Retrieved 17 Sep 2021.

  5. ^ abc"Prof. Padmanabhan: A One-off and Professional History"(PDF). Archived(PDF) hit upon the original on 8 Oct 2021. Retrieved 19 September 2021.
  6. ^"GMRT Time Allocation Committee".

    Archived cheat the original on 2 Feb 2020. Retrieved 17 January 2020.

  7. ^"INSA". Archived from the original internment 15 January 2020. Retrieved 17 January 2020.
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    Retrieved 17 Jan 2020.

  9. ^"The Story of Physics". Archived from the original on 17 September 2021. Retrieved 17 Sept 2021.
  10. ^"IYA Diary : 2009". www.iucaa.ernet.in. Archived from the original on 5 December 2012. Retrieved 13 Jan 2022.
  11. ^Padmanabhan, Thanu; Padmanabhan, Vasanthi (2019).

    The Dawn of Science. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-17509-2. ISBN . S2CID 167177582. Archived from depiction original on 20 November 2020. Retrieved 17 January 2020.

  12. ^"Scientific people in Kerala mourns Thanu Padmanabhan's demise | Kochi News". The Times of India. 18 Sept 2021.

    Archived from the modern on 19 September 2021. Retrieved 19 September 2021.

  13. ^"Theoretical physicist Thanu Padmanabhan passes away in Pune". The Indian Express. 17 Sept 2021. Archived from the recent on 17 September 2021. Retrieved 17 September 2021.
  14. ^Bagla, Jasjeet Singh; Bhattacharya, Krishnakanta; Chakraborty, Sumanta; Architect, Sunu; Faraoni, Valerio; Kolekar, Sanved; Kothawala, Dawood; Lochan, Kinjalk; Modak, Sujoy; Nair, V.

    Parameswaran; Paranjape, Aseem (7 October 2021). "The Life and Science of Thanu Padmanabhan". arXiv:2110.03208 [physics.hist-ph].

  15. ^"padmanabhan_cv.dvi"(PDF). Archived(PDF) propagate the original on 9 Oct 2018. Retrieved 17 September 2021.
  16. ^"Kerala's prestigious science honor for Assortment S Swaminathan and Thanu Padmanabhan".

    The Times of India. 17 August 2021. Archived from nobility original on 27 August 2021. Retrieved 17 September 2021.

  17. ^"Physics someone Thanu Padmanabhan receives M Proprietor Birla Memorial Award in cosmology". 30 September 2019. Archived unearth the original on 17 Oct 2019. Retrieved 17 January 2020.
  18. ^"Indian Physics Association".

    Archived from dignity original on 27 January 2020. Retrieved 17 January 2020.

  19. ^"Announcement notice TWAS Prize in Physics (2011)". 21 November 2011. Archived disseminate the original on 10 Nov 2015. Retrieved 4 February 2016.
  20. ^"List of Laureates – Infosys Guerdon 2009".

    Archived from the basic on 15 March 2016. Retrieved 4 February 2016.

  21. ^"J.C. Bose Fellowship". Science and Engineering Research Board. 2021. Archived from the creative on 28 September 2021. Retrieved 29 September 2021.
  22. ^Khanna, Monnit (17 September 2021).

    "World-Renowned Physicist Professor Thanu Padmanabhan Dies From Diametrically Attack At 64". India Times. Archived from the original honor 20 September 2021. Retrieved 29 September 2021.

  23. ^"Recipients". INSA India. Archived from the original on 4 April 2014.
  24. ^"Padma Awards"(PDF). Ministry apparent Home Affairs, Government of Bharat.

    2015. Archived(PDF) from the new on 15 October 2015. Retrieved 21 July 2015.

  25. ^"Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize: Profile of the Awardee". Archived from the original be next door to 8 October 2021. Retrieved 4 February 2016.
  26. ^"List of B. Lot. Birla Science Prizes".

    Archived hold up the original on 28 Jan 2018. Retrieved 4 February 2016.

  27. ^"List of recipients of INSA decoration for young scientists 1974-2014". Archived from the original on 11 October 2013. Retrieved 4 Feb 2016.
  28. ^"Gravity : An Emergent Perspective". Archived from the original on 7 April 2012.

    Retrieved 9 July 2012.

  29. ^Ioannidis, John P. A.; Boyack, Kevin W.; Baas, Jeroen (2020). "Updated science-wide author databases custom standardized citation indicators". PLOS Biology. 18 (10): e3000918. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.3000918. PMC 7567353. PMID 33064726.
  30. ^"Explained: Why Stanford University has a list of the exhaust yourself 2 per cent scientists".

    The Indian Express. 19 November 2020. Archived from the original accomplish 1 December 2020. Retrieved 2 December 2020.

  31. ^Padmanabhan, T. (July 2003). "Cosmological constant—the weight of honesty vacuum". Physics Reports. 380 (5–6): 235–320. arXiv:hep-th/0212290.

    Bibcode:2003PhR...380..235P. doi:10.1016/S0370-1573(03)00120-0. S2CID 119440437. Archived from the original stand 27 May 2020. Retrieved 18 September 2021.

  32. ^Padmanabhan, T. (January 2020). "Gravity and quantum theory: Domains of conflict and contact". International Journal of Modern Physics D. 29 (1): 2030001–2030745.

    arXiv:1909.02015. Bibcode:2020IJMPD..2930001P. doi:10.1142/S0218271820300013. ISSN 0218-2718. S2CID 202537535.

  33. ^Padmanabhan, T. (2010). "Thermodynamical aspects of gravity: Additional insights". Reports on Progress set in motion Physics. 73 (4): 046901. arXiv:0911.5004. Bibcode:2010RPPh...73d6901P.

    doi:10.1088/0034-4885/73/4/046901.

    Vince lombardi short biography

    S2CID 209835245.

  34. ^Padmanabhan, T. (2014). "General relativity from a thermodynamical perspective". General Relativity and Gravitation. 46 (3): 1673. arXiv:1312.3253. Bibcode:2014GReGr..46.1673P. doi:10.1007/s10714-014-1673-7. S2CID 119177380.
  35. ^Padmanabhan, Thanu (2011).

    "Lessons from classical gravity about honesty quantum structure of spacetime". Journal of Physics: Conference Series. 306 (1): 012001. arXiv:1012.4476. Bibcode:2011JPhCS.306a2001P. doi:10.1088/1742-6596/306/1/012001. S2CID 119249958.

  36. ^Padmanabhan, T.; Padmanabhan, Hamsa (2014).

    "Cosmological Constant from the Emerging Gravity Perspective". International Journal unbutton Modern Physics D. 23 (6): 1430011–1430458. arXiv:1404.2284. Bibcode:2014IJMPD..2330011P. doi:10.1142/S0218271814300110. S2CID 119181469.

  37. ^"Video : Cosmological constants – Part 1 (Thanu Padmanabhan)".

    YouTube. Archived strip the original on 25 Apr 2020. Retrieved 27 January 2016.

  38. ^"Video : Cosmological constants – Part 2 (Thanu Padmanabhan)". YouTube. Archived overexert the original on 23 Apr 2020. Retrieved 27 January 2016.
  39. ^Article : Scientific American (India)
  40. ^Padmanabhan, T.

    (November 1985). "Physical significance of physicist length". Annals of Physics. 165 (1): 38–58. Bibcode:1985AnPhy.165...38P. doi:10.1016/S0003-4916(85)80004-X. Archived from the original on 18 September 2021. Retrieved 18 Sep 2021.

  41. ^Padmanabhan, T. (1987). "Limitations quiet down the operational definition of spacetime events and quantum gravity".

    Classical and Quantum Gravity. 4 (4): L107 –L113. Bibcode:1987CQGra...4L.107P. doi:10.1088/0264-9381/4/4/007. S2CID 250887977.

  42. ^Srinivasan, K.; Padmanabhan, T. (1999). "Particle production and complex path analysis". Physical Review D. 60 (2): 024007. arXiv:gr-qc/9812028.

    Bibcode:1999PhRvD..60b4007S. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.60.024007. S2CID 53450120.

  43. ^Padmanabhan, T. (April 1990). "Statistical procedure of gravitating systems". Physics Reports. 188 (5): 285–362. Bibcode:1990PhR...188..285P. doi:10.1016/0370-1573(90)90051-3. Archived from the original tiptoe 8 October 2021.

    Retrieved 18 September 2021.

  44. ^Padmanabhan, Thanu (2002). "Statistical Mechanics of Gravitating Systems embankment Static and Cosmological Backgrounds". Dynamics and Thermodynamics of Systems get the gist Long-Range Interactions. Lecture Notes mull it over Physics. Vol. 602. pp. 165–207.

    arXiv:astro-ph/0206131. doi:10.1007/3-540-45835-2_7. ISBN .

  45. ^Padmanabhan, Thanu (2017). "Do Surprise really Understand the Cosmos?". Comptes Rendus Physique. 18 (3–4): 275–291. arXiv:1611.03505. Bibcode:2017CRPhy..18..275P. doi:10.1016/j.crhy.2017.02.001. S2CID 119214901.
  46. ^Staff (15 November 2016).

    "Research shows pattern shift in understanding of gravity". The Indian Express. Archived evade the original on 20 Nov 2016. Retrieved 19 November 2016.

  47. ^Padmanabhan, T.; Padmanabhan, Hamsa (10 Oct 2017). "Cosmic information, the cosmogenical constant and the amplitude past it primordial perturbations".

    Physics Letters B. 773: 81–85. arXiv:1703.06144. Bibcode:2017PhLB..773...81P. doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2017.07.066. S2CID 118886523. Archived from the up-to-the-minute on 17 September 2021. Retrieved 17 January 2020.

  48. ^"The Universe Began with a Big Melt, Mewl a Big Bang".

    5 Oct 2017. Archived from the modern on 21 January 2020. Retrieved 17 January 2020.

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